EasyCTF 2017 - Write-ups

Information#

Version#

By Version Comment
noraj 1.0 Creation

CTF#

  • Name : EasyCTF 2017
  • Website : easyctf.com
  • Type : Online
  • Format : Jeopardy
  • CTF Time : link

5 - IRC - Miscellaneous#

EasyCTF has an IRC channel! Check out #easyctf2017 on freenode to claim a free flag, and stick around to get on-the-fly updates during the competition.

Flag: easyctf{irc_d0esn7_apist0rm_:)}

10 - Hello, world! - Programming#

Use your favorite programming language to print Hello, world! to stdout! Use the programming interface to do this!

Programming Judge codes:

AC: accepted
WA: WRONG ANSWER (you're bad)
TLE: time limit exceeded (make your code faster)
RTE: runtime error
JE: judge error (contact an admin if you encounter this)
CE: compilation error

Python3 code:

# python3
print("Hello, world!")

15 - Things Add Up - Programming#

For this problem you will utilise the programming interface, which you can access via the navigation bar at the top of your screen.

The input for your program will be given via STDIN - that's cin, input(), and System.in for cxx, Python, and Java respectively. Output goes to STDOUT - cout, print, and System.out. Your program will be run on several sets of input, and if your output matches ours for each testcase, this problem will be marked solved.

We'll start with a simple challenge. Each testcase has two lines of input. The first will contain an integer N. The second will contain a sequence of integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_N. You are to output the sum of that sequence - that is, a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_n. Good luck!

Input Constraints#

0 < N < 100

-1000 < a_i < 1000

Sample Input#

5
2 4 7 3 1

Sample Output#

17

Python3 code:

# total
tot = 0

# N
N = int(input())

# sequence
a_ = input().split(' ')
for i in a_:
    tot += int(i)

print(tot)

20 - Flip My Letters - Cryptography#

I dropped my alphabet on its head, can you help me reassemble it? easyctf{r_wlmg_vevm_mvvw_zm_zhxrr_gzyov}

Hint:

What happens if you turn the alphabet upside down?

It is some Backward Alphabet Code. I used theproblemsite.com to solve this: easyctf{i_dont_even_need_an_ascii_table}.

20 - Clear and Concise Commentary on Caesar Cipher - Cryptography#

I tried to hide a flag sneakily, can you find it? Download

It's easy to find a bunch of ciphertext:

  • omz kag odmow ftue oubtqd
  • h fns sghr qhfgs sghr shld
  • WKLV LV QRW WKH IODJ
  • xaywqoa fqheqo eo ykkh hega pdwp
  • ldnv bdzrzq hr dzrx
  • RNFLPGS{LBHTBGVG}
  • omt vbvdi
  • gmbbbbbbbbbbbbh

Just crack the caesar code (with some ruby):

# from https://gist.github.com/matugm/db363c7131e6af27716c
def caesar_cipher(string, shift = 1)
    alphabet   = Array('a'..'z')
    encrypter  = Hash[alphabet.zip(alphabet.rotate(shift))]
    # " " => c because I don't want to void non-letters chars
    string.chars.map { |c| encrypter.fetch(c, c) }
end

ciphertext = 'RNFLPGS{LBHTBGVG}'.downcase

(1...26).each do |n|
    puts caesar_cipher(ciphertext, n).join
end

Output:

sogmqht{mciuchwh}
tphnriu{ndjvdixi}
uqiosjv{oekwejyj}
vrjptkw{pflxfkzk}
wskqulx{qgmyglal}
xtlrvmy{rhnzhmbm}
yumswnz{sioaincn}
zvntxoa{tjpbjodo}
awouypb{ukqckpep}
bxpvzqc{vlrdlqfq}
cyqward{wmsemrgr}
dzrxbse{xntfnshs}
easyctf{yougotit}
fbtzdug{zpvhpuju}
gcuaevh{aqwiqvkv}
hdvbfwi{brxjrwlw}
iewcgxj{csyksxmx}
jfxdhyk{dtzltyny}
kgyeizl{euamuzoz}
lhzfjam{fvbnvapa}
miagkbn{gwcowbqb}
njbhlco{hxdpxcrc}
okcimdp{iyeqydsd}
pldjneq{jzfrzete}
qmekofr{kagsafuf}

So flag is easyctf{yougotit}.

25 - Hexable - Reverse Engineering#

I tried to hide a flag sneakily, can you find it? Download

Easy:

$ strings hexable
Can you find the flag?
easyctf{g3lZd5MgTYPBJz}

30 - Phunky Python I - Reverse Engineering#

The other day we happened upon a dusty old laptop covered in duct tape and surrounded by several papers with notes scrawled all over them. Upon inspection, we found that the laptop contained several python files labeled phunky.

We've determined that each of the files contains a mini reversing challenge. The first task is simple: Find the value of x such that the program prints out easyctf (make sure it's lowercase!).

phunky1.py

Python code to reverse is:

x = 0 # REDACTED
digs = [7074241208379116738, 7074241208379116734, 7074241208379116752, 7074241208379116758, 7074241208379116736, 7074241208379116753, 7074241208379116739]
out = ""
for letter in reversed(digs):
    out = chr(letter - x) + out
print out

In decimal e equal 101 (ASCII). We know the first letter is e (first letter of easyctf) so to find x we have to calculate 7074241208379116738 - 101.

irb(main):001:0> 7074241208379116738 - 101
=> 7074241208379116637

So the flag is easyctf{7074241208379116637}.

I found the cookie monster's blog!

Let's see cookies in the http headers:

$ curl --head http://cookieblog.web.easyctf.com/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2017 22:08:18 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: keep-alive
Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d32c1739063bfca06d37c0c40cf61298f1489702098; expires=Fri, 16-Mar-18 22:08:18 GMT; path=/; domain=.easyctf.com; HttpOnly
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.5.9-1ubuntu4.14
Set-Cookie: flag=easyctf%7Byum_c00kies%21%21%21%7D
Server: cloudflare-nginx
CF-RAY: 340b07c1f3201509-CDG

The server tell us to use this cookie: flag=easyctf%7Byum_c00kies%21%21%21%7D. Let's URLdecode it: flag=easyctf{yum_c00kies!!!}.

50 - Mane Event - Forensics#

My friend just got back from the plains and he took this picture with his new camera. He also told me there's a flag hidden in it - can you check it out for me?

We can easyly solve it with strings or exiftool:

$ strings 588785dd3d2d4e8366c4b0802da7f2425fd7e3fe_lion.jpg | grep -i easyctf
@12 - Photo Contests,easyctf{pride_in_african_engin33ring},2011 B

$ exiftool 588785dd3d2d4e8366c4b0802da7f2425fd7e3fe_lion.jpg | grep -i easyctf
Keywords                        : 12 - Photo Contests,easyctf{pride_in_african_engin33ring},2011 B

50 - Fizz Buzz 1 - Programming#

Write a program that takes an integer n as input.

Output the numbers 1 through n, in increasing order, one per line.

However, replace any line that is a multiple of 3 with Fizz and any that are a multiple of 5 with Buzz. Any line that is a multiple of 3 and 5 should be written as FizzBuzz.

The input will be the number of lines to write, n, followed by a linebreak.

Sample input:

17

Sample output:

1
2
Fizz
4
Buzz
Fizz
7
8
Fizz
Buzz
11
Fizz
13
14
FizzBuzz
16
17
# python3
# strip newline and cast to int
n = int(input().rstrip())
for i in range(1, n+1):
    if i % 3 == 0 and i % 5 == 0:
        print('FizzBuzz')
    elif i % 3 == 0:
        print('Fizz')
    elif i % 5 == 0:
        print('Buzz')
    else:
        print(i)

50 - RSA 1 - Cryptography#

I found somebody's notes on their private RSA! Help me crack this.

Here is how RSA works.

We have p and q so we can calculate n and d to get m, and then convert m from integer (numeric) to ASCII:

#!/usr/bin/python2

# credit : http://jhafranco.com/2012/01/29/rsa-implementation-in-python/
def int2Text(number, size):
    text = "".join([chr((number >> j) & 0xff)
                    for j in reversed(range(0, size << 3, 8))])
    return text.lstrip("\x00")

# credit : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4798654/modular-multiplicative-inverse-function-in-python
def egcd(a, b):
    if a == 0:
        return (b, 0, 1)
    else:
        g, y, x = egcd(b % a, a)
        return (g, x - (b // a) * y, y)

def modinv(a, m):
    g, x, y = egcd(a, m)
    if g != 1:
        raise Exception('modular inverse does not exist')
    else:
        return x % m

p = 35885212171111995346302466488176876500816040695661602379955175537461355378690177
q = 33082048174033265491869743773326801992276462089543967631444525716583833833612769
e = 65537
c = 769108774360724583422343365602954767977840874127335163429133026925857210310609352349335631128387073031906212125470248375564260399006500790258805385203332728116
phi = (p-1)*(q-1)
d = modinv(e, phi)
n = p*q

m_int = pow(c,d,n)

print int2Text(m_int, len(str(m_int)))

Flag is easyctf{wh3n_y0u_h4ve_p&q_RSA_iz_ez_a45031e1}.

50 - Useless Python - Reverse Engineering#

Boredom took over, so I wrote this python file! I didn't want anyone to see it though because it doesn't actually run, so I used the coolest base-16 encoding to keep it secret. python

The python sample looks like this:

657865632863687228313031292b63687228313230292b6 [ ... ] 92b6368722836872283532292b636872283439292b636872283431292b6368722834312929

Base16 is only hexadecimal so just convert it to text:

exec(chr(101)+chr(120)+chr(101)+chr(99)+chr(40)+ [...] +chr(40)+chr(52)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(41))

Ok, so I made a little ruby script to decode all chars and get the message, but it's like in Inception, the message is an exec with some chr again. So I adapted my script to do the same process until we get the flag:

#!/usr/bin/ruby

def deobfuscate(s)
    # split file
    arr_in = s.split('+')
    # convert int to char
    arr_out = []
    for c in arr_in
        char = /.*chr\(([0-9]{1,3})\).*/.match(c).captures[0].to_i.chr
        arr_out.push(char)
    end
    out = arr_out.join
    return out
end

open('test.py', 'r') do |f|
    input = f.read()
    output = ''

    i = 1
    until /easyctf/.match(output) do
        puts "=== pass n°#{i} ==="
        output = deobfuscate(input)
        puts output + "\n\n"
        input = output
        i+=1
    end

end

Output of the script:

$ ruby solve.rb
=== pass n°1 ===
exec(chr(101)+chr(120)+chr(101)+chr(99)+chr(40)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(56)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(55)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(51)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(51)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(54)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(51)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(51)+chr(57)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(55)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(57)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(54)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(51)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(54)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(52)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(53)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(48)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(53)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(57)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(48)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(57)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(53)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(48)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(57)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(48)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(53)+chr(49)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(57)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(51)+chr(57)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(52)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(53)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(49)+chr(54)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(51)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(50)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(56)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(57)+chr(55)+chr(41)+chr(43)+chr(99)+chr(104)+chr(114)+chr(40)+chr(49)+chr(48)+chr(51)+chr(41)+chr(41))

=== pass n°2 ===
exec(chr(102)+chr(108)+chr(97)+chr(103)+chr(32)+chr(61)+chr(32)+chr(39)+chr(101)+chr(97)+chr(115)+chr(121)+chr(99)+chr(116)+chr(102)+chr(123)+chr(112)+chr(121)+chr(116)+chr(104)+chr(111)+chr(110)+chr(95)+chr(51)+chr(120)+chr(51)+chr(99)+chr(95)+chr(101)+chr(120)+chr(101)+chr(99)+chr(95)+chr(51)+chr(120)+chr(101)+chr(99)+chr(95)+chr(101)+chr(120)+chr(51)+chr(99)+chr(125)+chr(39)+chr(10)+chr(112)+chr(114)+chr(105)+chr(105)+chr(110)+chr(116)+chr(32)+chr(102)+chr(108)+chr(97)+chr(103))

=== pass n°3 ===
flag = 'easyctf{python_3x3c_exec_3xec_ex3c}'
priint flag

75 - Petty Difference - Forensics#

I found two files in a secret room. They look like jumbled letters with no patterns. I mean look at it! file1 is identical to file2, right?

Ok so let's compare the two files:

$ cmp -bl file1.txt file2.txt
   482 175 }    154 l
  1638  64 4    146 f
  1796 137 _    142 b
  2240 147 g    172 z
  3157 156 n     71 9
  3303  61 1     65 5
  3568 153 k    145 e
  3892  60 0    157 o
  3911  60 0    142 b
  4501 154 l    143 c
  5204 137 _    162 r
  5582  63 3    164 t
  6107 162 r    161 q
  6563  63 3    141 a
  7043 167 w    144 d
  7196 137 _    164 t
  8269 165 u     67 7
  8866  60 0    153 k
  9164 171 y    144 d
  9965 137 _    170 x
 10771  63 3    172 z
 11220 143 c     60 0
 11283 156 n    144 d
 11285  63 3    143 c
 11666 162 r    151 i
 13337  63 3    163 s
 14816 146 f    167 w
 15168 146 f    173 {
 15180  61 1    170 x
 15366 144 d     65 5
 15656 137 _    153 k
 16168  63 3    151 i
 17651 150 h    153 k
 17761 164 t     64 4
 18186 137 _    160 p
 18261  63 3    165 u
 18592 142 b    145 e
 18739 137 _    162 r
 19676 171 y    151 i
 20033  64 4    151 i
 20228 155 m    145 e
 20246 137 _    142 b
 23511 163 s    155 m
 24001  61 1    141 a
 24487 150 h    166 v
 24845 164 t    167 w
 25291 173 {    156 n
 25411 146 f    170 x
 25491 164 t    144 d
 25502 143 c    166 v
 25673 171 y    167 w
 26410 163 s    145 e
 27127 141 a    170 x
 27132 145 e     71 9

It seems that we got the flag (reverse order of the diff from first file), but let's write a ruby script to make it easier to copy:

#!/usr/bin/ruby
# empty array
flag = []

# generate diff.txt : cmp -bl file1.txt file2.txt > diff.txt
open('diff.txt', 'r') do |f|
    # split lines
    lines = f.read().split("\n")
    for line in lines
        # split columns
        words = line.split(' ')
        flag.push(words[2])
    end
end

puts flag.reverse.join

Let's try it:

$ ruby diff.rb
easyctf{th1s_m4y_b3_th3_d1ff3r3nc3_y0u_w3r3_l00k1ng_4}

80 - RSA 2 - Cryptography#

Some more RSA! This time, there's no P and Q... this.

Let's see how it looks this tiem:

$ cat ciphertext2.txt
n: 292977443899368435277959020404942780635643
e: 65537
c: 116661734456209126203156567366346251672660

This time we got n but not p and q.

Maybe factordb can help us: 292977443899368435277959020404942780635643 = 471665935909122708917 · 621154553666596093679.

We can now use the same script (from RSA 1 challenge).

#!/usr/bin/python2

# credit : http://jhafranco.com/2012/01/29/rsa-implementation-in-python/
def int2Text(number, size):
    text = "".join([chr((number >> j) & 0xff)
                    for j in reversed(range(0, size << 3, 8))])
    return text.lstrip("\x00")

# credit : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4798654/modular-multiplicative-inverse-function-in-python
def egcd(a, b):
    if a == 0:
        return (b, 0, 1)
    else:
        g, y, x = egcd(b % a, a)
        return (g, x - (b // a) * y, y)

def modinv(a, m):
    g, x, y = egcd(a, m)
    if g != 1:
        raise Exception('modular inverse does not exist')
    else:
        return x % m

p = 471665935909122708917
q = 621154553666596093679
e = 65537
c = 116661734456209126203156567366346251672660
phi = (p-1)*(q-1)
d = modinv(e, phi)
n = p*q

m_int = pow(c,d,n)

print int2Text(m_int, len(str(m_int)))

Output:

$ python2 rsa2.py
flag{l0w_n_79c0}

85 - Zooooooom - Forensics#

Hekkerman is looking awfully spooky. That hekker glare could pierce a firewall. What can he see that you can't?

Image:

image

We can see there is a thumbnail, let's extract it. But the thumbnail itself have a thumbnail:

$ exiftool -b -ThumbnailImage hekkerman.jpg > thumbnail.jpg
$ exiftool -b -ThumbnailImage thumbnail.jpg > thumbnail_thumbnail.jpg

Thumbnail:

thumbnail

Thumbnail of the thumbnail:

thumbnail thumbnail

Flag is: easyctf{d33p_zo0m_HeKker_2c1ae5}.

Note: this is Steganography not Digital Forensics.

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